Sustainable inventory prediction with random defect and rework using Bat algorithm

The sustainable EPQ models that have been proposed in the inventory literature are insufficient to address practical scenario of defects manufacturing and subsequent rework for remedial actions. In this article, model with faulty products has studied. Promotional activities key factors significantly affect market demand an item. impacts random combining economic environmental elements on order quantity price promotional effort dependent addressed. Numerical illustrations along sensitivity analysis presented reveal relevancy as well computational tractability investigation. For profit optimization, a mixed integer problem formulated analyzed by using Bat meta-heuristic optimization algorithm.